DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

Principle of Operation

For a detailed description of the power steering system operation, refer to the relevant description and operation sections of the workshop manual.

Inspection and Verification

CAUTION:

Diagnosis by substitution from a donor vehicle is NOT acceptable. Substitution of control modules does not guarantee confirmation of a fault, and may also cause additional faults in the vehicle being tested and/or the donor vehicle

Verify the customer concern

Visually inspect for obvious signs of damage and system integrity

Visual Inspection

Mechanical	Electrical
Check the power steering fluid level	Fuses

CAUTION:

If a steering gear assembly is returned under warranty with leaking rack bar seals or high friction, but there is also damage to the steering gear boot/boots, tie-rods or rack bar teeth, then the steering gear warranty will be invalid. This is due to the steering gear rack bar seals being damaged due to foreign materials entering the steering gear boot and damaging the steering gear rack bar seals thereafter or because of bending from abusive/accident events

If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding to the next step

If the concern is not visually evident, verify the symptom and refer to the symptom chart

DTC Index

For a list of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that could be logged on this vehicle, please refer to the relevant DTC index.

For Power Steering Solenoid (Actuator) DTCs on L320, L322;

For Power Steering Calibration DTCs on L319, L320, L322 -

REFER to: Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index - DTC: Central Junction Box (CJB) (418-00 Module Communications Network/Diagnosis and Testing/Communications Network)

For Power Steering Calibration DTCs on L320, L322 -

REFER to: Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index - DTC: Instrument Cluster (IC) (413-01 Instrument Cluster/Diagnosis and Testing/Instrument Cluster)

Symptom Charts

WARNING:

It is not possible to CHECK the torque of a patch lock bolt, if the torque is suspected to be low, the bolt must be REMOVED/DISCARDED and a new bolt MUST be INSTALLED and torqued to the correct value (refer to the Specifications table in this section)

NOTE:

If the control module or a component is suspect and the vehicle remains under manufacturer warranty, refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedures manual, or determine if any prior approval programme is in operation, prior to the installation of a new module/component

Power Steering Fluid Leakage

Symptom	Possible Causes	Action
Power steering fluid leakage	Overfilled system	Refer to the Power Steering Fluid Leaks pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test A.
	Leak from steering gear
	Damaged fluid cap/reservoir
	Loose or damaged hoses and fittings Faulty or missing O-Ring or Dowty seals
	Leak from power steering fluid cooler
	Leak from power steering pump

Power Steering Pump Or Steering Rack Issues Causing Heavy Or Uneven Steering

Symptom	Possible Causes	Action
Excessive steering efforts required both when the vehicle is in motion and during stationary manoeuvring	Low power steering fluid or power steering fluid leak	Refer to the Heavy Steering/Steering Has Uneven Effort pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test L.
	Power steering pump output fluid delivery pressure or flow too low
	Power steering hose, fluid cooler or reservoir restriction
	Power steering fluid aeration
	Damaged front end accessory drive belt tensioner	REFER to: Section 303-00 Engine System/General Information/Diagnosis and Testing
	Steering transducer or cable fault	Refer to the Heavy Steering/Steering Has Uneven Effort pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test P.
	Speedometer signal error
Steering operation is very light when VEHICLE IS IN MOTION AT HIGHER SPEEDS, but when stationary manoeuvring is NORMAL	Steering transducer or cable fault	Refer to the Heavy Steering/Steering Has Uneven Effort pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test P.
	Speedometer signal error
Steering operation is heavy when stationary manoeuvring, but improves when the engine speed is increased	Power steering pump output fluid delivery pressure or flow too low	Refer to the Heavy Steering/Steering Requires Uneven Effort pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test N.
Steering operation is heavy in one direction	Lower steering column interference	Check the steering column is free from interference from the engine harness, sound proofing or the floor covering
	Incorrect steering geometry/suspension damage	NOTE: Dealerships must keep a copy of the BEFORE and AFTER geometry figures with job card for future reference Check and adjust the front wheel alignment (REFER to: Section 204-00 Suspension System - General Information/General Procedures)
	Faulty steering gear	Refer to the Heavy Steering/Steering Has Uneven Effort pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test L.
	Tire fouling on the wheel arch liner or suspension components	Check for correct installation or damage to wheel arch liner and suspension components. Correctly install and install new components as required Check tire for correct size, type and pressure
	Damaged steering gear transfer pipe	Refer to the Power Steering Fluid Leaks From The Power Steering Rack pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test D.
	Steering column universal joints binding or stiff	REFER to: Pinpoint Tests within Section 211-04 Steering Column/Diagnosis and Testing/Steering Column
Steering operation varies from heavy to light when driving at constant speed	Lower steering column interference	Check the steering column is free from interference from the engine harness, sound proofing or the floor covering
	Steering transducer or cable fault	Refer to the Heavy Steering/Steering Has Uneven Effort pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test P.
	Incorrect speedometer signal
	Steering column universal joint binding or stiff	REFER to: Pinpoint Tests within Section 211-03 Steering Linkage/Diagnosis and Testing/Steering Linkage
Steering wanders when VEHICLE IS IN MOTION AT HIGHER SPEEDS	Incorrect steering geometry/suspension damage	NOTE: Dealerships must keep a copy of the BEFORE and AFTER geometry figures with job card for future reference Check and adjust the front wheel alignment (REFER to: Section 204-00 Suspension System - General Information/General Procedures)
Steering wanders when VEHICLE IS IN MOTION AT HIGHER SPEEDS	Tie-rod free play	REFER to: Pinpoint Tests within Section 211-03 Steering Linkage/Diagnosis and Testing/Steering Linkage

Power Steering Pump/Steering Rack Noise

Symptom	Possible Causes	Action
Continuous noise	Low power steering fluid or power steering fluid leak	Refer to the Power Steering Pump/Steering Rack Noise - System Fluid Leak Checks pinpoint tests below, GO to Pinpoint Test F.
	NOTE: Look for small air bubbles visible in the fluid, air may also get trapped in the hydraulic system Air in hydraulic system	Bleed air from system (REFER to: Section 211-00 Steering System - General Information/General Procedures/Power Steering System Bleeding)
	Power steering pipe/hose in contact with the vehicle body	Refer to the Power Steering Pump/Steering Rack Noise – Power Steering System Hose Checks pinpoint tests below, GO to Pinpoint Test G.
	Power steering pipe/hose restricted or twisted
	Power steering pump mounting bolts loose	Check and adjust torque of bolts as required (REFER to: Section 211-02 Power Steering/Specification)
	Power steering pump worn or otherwise defective	Refer to the Power Steering Pump/Steering Rack Noise – Power Steering System Hose Checks pinpoint tests below, GO to Pinpoint Test G. Install a new power steering pump as required (REFER to: Section 211-02 Power Steering/Removal and Installation)
Noise gets worse when system is loaded	NOTE: Refer to the power steering pressure check in this section Low power steering fluid level Aerated fluid Low power steering pump pressure	Refer to the Power Steering Pump/Steering Rack Noise - System Fluid Leak Checks pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test F.
Front end accessory drive belt squeal (see definitions of steering system noises below)	Front end accessory drive belt incorrectly tensioned or glazed	Refer to the Power Steering Pump/Steering Rack Noise - Noise Specific Diagnostics (Belt Squeal) pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test H.
Chirp noise (see definitions of steering system noises below) from the steering pump when a load is applied	Loose or worn front end accessory drive belt	Refer to the Power Steering Pump Drive Belt Checks - Belt Damage Checks (Chirp Noise) pinpoint tests below GO to Pinpoint Test H.
Knock, creak, rattle or clonk noise (see definitions of steering system noises below)	Steering gear mounting bolts loose or damaged	Check and adjust torque of bolts as required (REFER to: Section 211-02 Power Steering/Specification)
	Tie-rod end joint to steering knuckle loose or damaged	REFER to: Pinpoint Tests within Section 211-03 Steering Linkage/Diagnosis and Testing/Steering Linkage
	Wear in steering gear tie-rod end ball joints
	Wear in steering gear inner ball joints
	Excess play in the steering gear

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES FOR POWER STEERING FLUID LEAKS

CAUTION:

Be aware that leaks in the power steering system may allow power steering fluid may escape from the system under high pressure

PINPOINT TEST A : POWER STEERING FLUID LEAKS - ESTABLISHING THE SOURCE OF FLUID LEAKS
A1: ESTABLISHING THE SOURCE OF THE LEAK
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
CAUTION: Misting/Dampness around pinions, bellows and on the rack bar can be mis-diagnosed as leaks. This is normal and suspected leaks should always be verified by cleaning and chalking. Refer to Component Checks in this section for guidance on identification of leaks
	1 Remove any shielding or undertrays as necessary to gain visual access to locate leak. Refer to the relevant sections in the workshop manual for guidance on removal procedures
	2 Using a suitable cleaning solution, thoroughly clean around the affected areas to remove dirt, oil and any other debris
	3 Apply chalk dust to the affected area
	4 Check the level of the power steering system fluid in the reservoir. If level is above the MAX level remove fluid with a suitable device until level is at MAX. If fluid is below the MAX level top up to the MAX level as required
	5 To instigate the leak, start the engine and turn the steering wheel from lock to lock 3 times, re-check fluid level and repeat (Caution: do not hold the steering on full lock)
	Is the power steering fluid leak visually evident? Yes For leaks from the power steering fluid reservoir or reservoir hose connection GO to Pinpoint Test B. For leaks from the power steering pump body or pump hose connection GO to Pinpoint Test C. For leaks from the steering rack or steering rack hose connection GO to Pinpoint Test D.

PINPOINT TEST B : POWER STEERING FLUID LEAKS FROM THE POWER STEERING FLUID RESERVOIR
B1: LOCATION OF THE RESERVOIR LEAK - LEAKS FROM RESERVOIR BODY
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1
	Is the leak from the reservoir body? Yes Replace the power steering fluid reservoir assembly When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E. No GO to B2.

B2: LOCATION OF THE RESERVOIR LEAK - LEAKS FROM RESERVOIR FILLER CAP
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1
	Is the leak from the filler reservoir cap? Yes Replace the power steering fluid reservoir filler cap assembly When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E. No GO to B3.

B3: LOCATION OF THE RESERVOIR LEAK - LEAKS FROM RESERVOIR HOSES/HOSE CONNECTIONS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1
	Is the leak from the hoses or hose connections at (or around) the reservoir? Yes Check the hose is located fully onto the spigot and that the securing clip is installed correctly. If a quick connector is used, ensure that it is correctly installed by pushing connector fully onto the spigot, (a small click maybe heard), and then pulling it back to check for a secure connection If a quick connector is used, check inside the connector body for damaged O-Ring(s) and replace hose as required Check the bore of the hose for axial scores, cuts or abrasions and replace defective hose as required When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E.

PINPOINT TEST C : POWER STEERING FLUID LEAKS FROM THE POWER STEERING FLUID PUMP
C1: LOCATION OF THE PUMP LEAK - LEAKS FROM PUMP BODY
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1
	Is the leak from the pump body? Yes Check the pump front seal for leaks and replace power steering pump as required When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E. No GO to C2.

C2: LOCATION OF THE PUMP LEAK - LEAKS FROM PUMP HOSES/HOSE CONNECTIONS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1
	Is the leak from the hoses or hose connections at (or around) the pump? Yes Check the hose is located fully onto the spigot and that the securing clip is installed correctly Check the bore of the hose for axial scores, cuts or abrasions and replace defective hose as required Check the torque of the power steering hose screws/banjo bolts and adjust as required (for torque settings refer to the Specifications table in this section). If a patch lock screw/bolt is used it should be replaced Check the outlet port of the pump for damage (i.e. scoring or cross threading) and replace pump as required Check the thread on the power steering hose connector for damage and replace hose as required Check hose crimp for leaks and replace hose as required Check inside the quick connector body for damaged O-Ring(s) and replace hose as required Check O-Rings/Dowty Washers on hose for damage and replace as required When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E. No GO to Pinpoint Test D.

PINPOINT TEST D : POWER STEERING FLUID LEAKS FROM THE POWER STEERING RACK
D1: LOCATION OF THE STEERING RACK LEAK - LEAKS FROM THE INPUT SHAFT SEAL
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Check for leaks from the steering rack input shaft seal (refer to Component Checks in this section for guidance in identifying leaks)
	Is the leak from the input shaft seal? Yes For all vehicles EXCEPT L319 - Replace the steering rack For L319 ONLY - Replace the input shaft seal using the appropriate service kit (REFER to: Technical Bulletin LTB00154v3 for further guidance) When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E. No GO to D2.

D2: LOCATION OF THE STEERING RACK LEAK - LEAKS FROM THE STEERING GEAR TRANSFER PIPES
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
NOTE: THIS DIAGNOSTIC STEP ONLY APPLIES TO L320 & L322, FOR ALL OTHER VEHICLES CONTINUE TO THE NEXT PINPOINT TEST
	1
	Is the leak from the steering gear transfer pipes? Yes Replace the transfer pipes (REFER to: Section 211-02 Power Steering/Removal and Installation) When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E. No GO to D3.

D3: LOCATION OF THE STEERING RACK LEAK - LEAKS FROM THE STEERING GEAR BOOTS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
CAUTIONS: If a steering gear assembly is returned under warranty with leaking rack bar seals, but there is also damage to the steering gear boot/boots (refer to Component Tests in this section for guidance on how to check for steering gear boot damage), then the steering gear warranty will be invalid. This is due to the steering gear rack bar seals being damaged due to foreign materials entering the steering gear boot and damaging the steering gear rack bar seals thereafter If a steering gear assembly is returned under warranty with leaking rack bar seals, induced by abusive steering loads, the steering gear warranty will be invalid. Guidance on identification of abusive loads via tie-rod inspection can be found in the Tie-Rod Checks in Section 211-03 – Steering Linkage/Diagnosis and Testing/Steering Linkage/Component Tests
	1
	Is the leak from the steering gear boots? Yes Remove steering gear boots Check for fluid (either water or hydraulic fluid) inside the steering gear boots. If fluid is present, replace the steering gear When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E. No GO to D4.

D4: LOCATION OF THE STEERING RACK LEAK - LEAKS FROM STEERING RACK HOSES/HOSE CONNECTIONS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1
	Is the leak from the hoses or hose connections at (or around) the steering rack? Yes Check the torque of the identified power steering hose screws/banjo bolts and adjust as required (for torque settings refer to the Specifications table in this section). If a patch lock screw/bolt is used it should be replaced Check hose crimp for leaks and replace hose as required Check the thread on the power steering hose connector for damage (where applicable) and replace hose as required Check O-Rings/Dowty Washers on hose for damage and replace as required When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E. No When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final check for leaks GO to Pinpoint Test E.

PINPOINT TEST E : POWER STEERING FLUID LEAKS - FINAL CHECKS
E1: AFTER COMPLETING THE ACTIONS ABOVE, CHECK AGAIN FOR LEAKS USING THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Top up power steering fluid to MAX level and bleed the system (REFER to: Section 211-00 Steering System - General Information/General Procedures)
	2 Start the engine and turn the steering wheel fully (lock to lock) 3 times. Switch off engine
	3 Check the level of the power steering fluid in the reservoir and top up as required
	4 Start the engine and turn the steering wheel fully (lock to lock) 3 times. Switch off engine
	5 Visually check for fluid leaks from the power steering system
	Are there any fluid leaks present? Yes Repeat diagnostics steps above. GO to Pinpoint Test A. No No further action required

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES FOR POWER STEERING PUMP/STEERING RACK NOISE

Specific Steering System Noise Types

See below for a glossary of terms describing the most common noises that may indicate a fault with the power steering system:

Belt Squeal

Belt squeal is a high frequency air-borne noise generated by slippage of the ribbed Vee belt on the power steering pump pulley. Squeal increases with system loading and at full lock

Chirp

High pitched rapidly repeating sound, like chirping birds

Grunt (Squawk/Whoop)

Grunt is a 'honking' sound elicited when coming off one of the steering stops. Grunt is generally excited during parking manoeuvres with a low to medium speed steering input. This noise can occur when the power steering system is hot

Knock

Knock is a heavy, loud repeating sound like a knock on a door

Moan (Groan)

Moan is the general structure-borne noise of the steering system. Moan is primarily transmitted to the driver via the body structure through the pump mount, engine mounts, power steering lines and power steering brackets. On some vehicles, moan is a loud humming noise, often present when the wheel is turned and the system is loaded. It may change frequency with engine RPM and if the system is loaded or unloaded

Rattle

A sound suggesting looseness, like marbles rolling around in a can

Whine

A high-pitched buzzing sound, like an electric motor or drill

Zip

Zip noise is the air-borne noise generated by power steering pump cavitation when power steering fluid does not flow freely through the suction hose from the reservoir to the pump. Zip primarily occurs during cold weather at start-up

DIAGNOSTIC STEPS FOR POWER STEERING PUMP/STEERING RACK NOISE

PINPOINT TEST F : POWER STEERING PUMP/STEERING RACK NOISE - SYSTEM FLUID LEAK CHECKS
F1: CHECK FOR POWER STEERING FLUID LEAKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Check that the power steering fluid in the reservoir is not below the MIN mark
	Is the fluid level low? Yes Top up the fluid reservoir, then check if the power steering pump/steering rack noise is still evident If the noise symptoms are no longer evident, GO to Pinpoint Test A. to find and fix fluid leaks If the noise symptoms are still evident, first work through the power steering system fluid leak pinpoint test GO to Pinpoint Test A. , then GO to Pinpoint Test G. No GO to Pinpoint Test G.

PINPOINT TEST G : POWER STEERING PUMP/STEERING RACK NOISE - NOISE SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTICS (GRUNT/MOAN/WHINE/WHOOP)
G1: IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF POWER STEERING SYSTEM NOISE PRESENT - GRUNT/MOAN/WHINE/WHOOP DIAGNOSTICS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Ascertain the specific type of noise present in the power steering system (see glossary of noise terms above)
	Is the noise either a grunt, moan, whine or whoop? Yes GO to G2. No GO to Pinpoint Test H.

G2: GRUNT/MOAN/WHINE/WHOOP DIAGNOSTICS - CHECK THE POWER STEERING SYSTEM FLUID RESERVOIR
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Flush the power steering system
	Is power steering system noise still evident? Yes GO to G3. No When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final checks for steering system noise GO to Pinpoint Test K.

G3: GRUNT/MOAN/WHINE/WHOOP DIAGNOSTICS - POWER STEERING HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BLOCKAGE CHECKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Ensure the power steering fluid is cold
	2 Insert a temperature probe into the power steering fluid reservoir and connect to a suitable digital thermometer
	3 Start the engine and allow to idle for 5 minutes. Then check the power steering fluid temperature
	Is the power steering fluid temperature greater than 80 degrees Celsius? Yes Check for hydraulic system blocks at the power steering fluid reservoir. Remove a small amount of fluid and use a mirror to visually check the state of the filter in the reservoir (for guidance on filter blockage refer to Component Tests in this section). If the filter mesh is more than 30% blocked, then replace the reservoir assembly. When all remedial actions have been completed GO to G4. If the filter mesh is less than 30% blocked, check power steering hydraulic hoses for kinks and replace as required. Allow the power steering fluid to cool to 20 degrees Celsius. Start the engine and allow to idle for 5 minutes. Then check the power steering fluid temperature. If the power steering fluid temperature is greater than 80 degrees Celsius, proceed to power steering system pressure checks GO to G5. . If the power steering fluid temperature is less than 80 degrees Celsius, GO to G4. No GO to G4.

G4: GRUNT/MOAN/WHINE/WHOOP DIAGNOSTICS - POWER STEERING SYSTEM HOSE CHECKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Check that the power steering system hoses are correctly installed and correctly routed and rectify as required
	2 Check the power steering system hoses for damage and rectify as required
	3 Check the integrity of the power steering system hose clips and brackets. Replace any defective clips/brackets as required
	4 Check that the power steering system hoses are securely clipped into position. Rectify as required
	5 Check the torque of the screws/nuts securing the power steering system clips/brackets, the power steering pump and the power steering pump mounting bracket. Adjust or replace fixings as required
	Is the power steering system noise still present? Yes If noise is still evident, proceed to power steering system pressure checks, GO to G5. No When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final checks for steering system noise GO to Pinpoint Test K.

G5: GRUNT/MOAN/WHINE/WHOOP DIAGNOSTICS - POWER STEERING SYSTEM PRESSURE CHECKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Refer to the relevant section of the workshop manual and conduct a power steering system pressure test
	Is the power steering system pressure within specified tolerances? Yes GO to Pinpoint Test H. No Replace the power steering pump Check again for power steering system noise. If noise is rectified, perform final checks for steering system noise GO to Pinpoint Test K. If noise is still evident, GO to Pinpoint Test H.

PINPOINT TEST H : POWER STEERING PUMP/STEERING RACK NOISE - NOISE SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTICS (BELT SQUEAL)
H1: IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF POWER STEERING SYSTEM NOISE PRESENT
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Ascertain the specific type of noise present in the power steering system (see glossary of noise terms above)
	Is the noise belt squeal? Yes GO to H2. No GO to Pinpoint Test J.

H2: POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT CHECKS - FLUID LEAKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Check for signs of fluid leakage on to the power steering pump drive belt
	Is there signs of fluid on the power steering pump drive belt? Yes GO to H3. No GO to H4.

H3: POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT CHECKS - IDENTIFY SOURCE OF FLUID LEAKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Identify the type of fluid that has leaked on to the power steering pump drive belt
	Is it power steering fluid? Yes First, work through the power steering system fluid leak pinpoint tests GO to Pinpoint Test F. , then replace the power steering pump drive belt, check and adjust the drive belt alignment as required Check again for power steering system noise. If noise is rectified, perform final checks for steering system noise GO to Pinpoint Test K. If noise is still evident, GO to H4. No Clean/remove the leaked fluid from the power steering pump drive belt Identify any other sources of fluid leaks and rectify leaks as required Check again for power steering system noise. If noise is rectified, perform final checks for steering system noise GO to Pinpoint Test K. If noise is still evident, GO to H4.

H4: POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT CHECKS - BELT DAMAGE CHECKS (CHIRP NOISE)
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Check the integrity of the power steering pump drive belt
	Is the power steering pump drive belt damaged, frayed or glazed? Yes Replace the power steering pump drive belt, check and adjust the drive belt alignment as required Check again for power steering system noise. If noise is rectified, perform final checks for steering system noise GO to Pinpoint Test K. If noise is still evident, GO to Pinpoint Test I. No The noise issue is not belt squeal, for further diagnostics GO to Pinpoint Test I.

PINPOINT TEST I : POWER STEERING PUMP/STEERING RACK NOISE - NOISE SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTICS (SQUEAK)
NOTE: THIS DIAGNOSTIC STEP ONLY APPLIES TO L320, FOR ALL OTHER VEHICLES CONTINUE TO THE NEXT PINPOINT TEST

I1: IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF POWER STEERING SYSTEM NOISE PRESENT
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Ascertain the specific type of noise present in the power steering system (see glossary of noise terms above)
	Is the noise squeak? Yes Replace the power steering system damper valves (REFER to: Technical Bulletin LTB00021 for further guidance) No GO to Pinpoint Test J.

PINPOINT TEST J : POWER STEERING PUMP/STEERING RACK NOISE - NOISE SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTICS (CLONK, KNOCK, RATTLE, CREAK)
J1: IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF POWER STEERING SYSTEM NOISE PRESENT
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Ascertain the specific type of noise present in the power steering system (see glossary of noise terms above)
	Is the noise a clonk, knock, rattle or creak? Yes GO to J2.

J2: STEERING RACK BOLT CHECKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Refer to the relevant section of the workshop manual and check that the steering rack bolts are secured to the correct torque specifications (for torque settings refer to the Specifications table in this section)
	Are the steering rack bolts are secured to the correct torque specifications? (for torque settings refer to the Specifications table in this section) Yes REFER to: Section 211-04 Steering Column/Diagnosis and Testing/Steering Column/Pinpoint Tests/Steering Column Noise - Noise Specific Diagnostics (Clonk/Column Knock) / Check For Clonk/Column Knock Noise From Lower Steering Column Shaft No Remove and replace the steering rack fixings as required. Ensure new fixings are tightened to the correct torque specifications (for torque settings refer to the Specifications table in this section) Check again for power steering system noise. If noise is rectified, perform final checks for steering system noise GO to Pinpoint Test K. If noise is still evident, REFER to: Section 211-04 Steering Column/Diagnosis and Testing/Steering Column/Pinpoint Tests/Steering Column Noise - Noise Specific Diagnostics (Clonk/Column Knock) / Check For Clonk/Column Knock Noise From Lower Steering Column Shaft

PINPOINT TEST K : POWER STEERING PUMP/STEERING RACK NOISE - FINAL CHECKS
K1: AFTER COMPLETING THE ACTIONS ABOVE, CHECK AGAIN FOR POWER STEERING SYSTEM NOISE USING THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Start the engine and turn the steering wheel fully (lock to lock) 3 times. Check for power steering noise during this procedure
	2 Test drive the vehicle and check for power steering noise
	3 Check the temperature of the power steering fluid. Once the power steering temperature exceeds 80 degrees Celsius, repeat steps 1 and 2 above
	Is there still noise emanating from the steering system? Yes Repeat the diagnostic steps above, or check other vehicle systems for the source of the noise No No further action

DIAGNOSTIC STEPS FOR HEAVY STEERING/STEERING REQUIRES UNEVEN EFFORT

PINPOINT TEST L : HEAVY STEERING/STEERING HAS UNEVEN EFFORT - SYSTEM FLUID LEAK CHECKS
L1: CHECK FOR POWER STEERING FLUID LEAKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Check that the power steering fluid in the reservoir is not below the MIN mark
	Is the fluid level low? Yes Top up the fluid reservoir, then check if the heavy steering/steering has uneven effort symptoms are still evident If the symptoms are no longer evident, GO to Pinpoint Test A. to find and fix fluid leaks If the symptoms are still evident, first work through the power steering system fluid leak pinpoint tests GO to Pinpoint Test A. , then GO to Pinpoint Test M. No GO to Pinpoint Test M.

PINPOINT TEST M : HEAVY STEERING/STEERING REQUIRES UNEVEN EFFORT - CHECK FOR FLUID RESERVOIR BLOCKAGES
M1: POWER STEERING SYSTEM FLUID RESERVOIR CHECKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Check for hydraulic system blocks at the power steering fluid reservoir. Remove a small amount of fluid and use a mirror to visually check the state of the filter in the reservoir (for guidance on filter blockage refer to Component Tests in this section). The filter mesh should not be more than 30% blocked
	Is the reservoir filter blocked? Yes GO to Pinpoint Test N. No GO to Pinpoint Test O.

PINPOINT TEST N : HEAVY STEERING/STEERING REQUIRES UNEVEN EFFORT - REPLACE FLUID RESERVOIR
N1: REPLACE THE POWER STEERING SYSTEM FLUID RESERVOIR
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Flush the power steering system
	2 Replace the power steering system fluid reservoir
	3 Refill the power steering system to the MAX level using the manufacturer approved power steering fluid
	4 Bleed the power steering system (REFER to: Section 211-00 Steering System - General Information/General Procedures)
	Is the steering still heavy or requiring uneven effort? Yes GO to Pinpoint Test O. No When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final checks for heavy or uneven steering effort GO to Pinpoint Test Q.

PINPOINT TEST O : HEAVY STEERING/STEERING REQUIRES UNEVEN EFFORT - POWER STEERING SYSTEM HOSE ROUTING/INTEGRITY CHECKS
O1: HOSE ROUTING/INTEGRITY CHECKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Check the power steering system hoses for correct routing
	2 Check the power steering system hoses for and damage or kinks
	3 Check the power steering system hoses are securely and correctly clipped into position
	Are there any issues with the routing, security or integrity of the power steering system hoses? Yes Rectify as required, ensuring that the clips are in good condition (replace any defective clips) and that clips are securely tightened Check again for heavy steering or steering requiring uneven effort. If fault is rectified, perform final checks for heavy or uneven steering effort GO to Pinpoint Test Q. If fault is still evident, proceed to power steering system pressure checks, GO to O2. No GO to O2.

O2: POWER STEERING SYSTEM PRESSURE CHECKS
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Refer to the relevant section of the workshop manual and conduct a power steering system pressure test
	Is the power steering system pressure within specified tolerances? Yes GO to Pinpoint Test P. No Replace the power steering pump Check again for heavy steering or steering requiring uneven effort. If fault is rectified, perform final checks for heavy or uneven steering effort GO to Pinpoint Test Q. If fault is still evident, proceed to power steering solenoid checks, GO to Pinpoint Test P.

PINPOINT TEST P : HEAVY STEERING/STEERING REQUIRES UNEVEN EFFORT - POWER STEERING SOLENOID CHECKS
NOTE: THIS DIAGNOSTIC STEP ONLY APPLIES TO L320 & L322, FOR ALL OTHER VEHICLES CONTINUE TO THE NEXT PINPOINT TEST

P1: CHECK THE OPERATION OF THE POWER STEERING SOLENOID
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Using the manufacturer approved diagnostic system, check for related DTCs and refer to the relevant DTC index
	2 Check the operation of the power steering solenoid
	Is the power steering solenoid functioning correctly? Yes REFER to: Section 211-03 Steering Linkage/Diagnosis and Testing/Steering Linkage/Pinpoint Tests/ Heavy Steering/Steering Requires Uneven Effort – Steering System Free Play Checks / Outer Ball Joint Checks / Inner Ball Joint Checks No Using the manufacturer approved diagnostic system, check for related DTCs and refer to the relevant DTC index Check again for heavy steering or steering requiring uneven effort. If fault is rectified, perform final checks for heavy or uneven steering effort GO to Pinpoint Test Q. If fault is still evident, GO to P2.

P2: REPLACE THE STEERING RACK SOLENOID
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Replace the steering rack solenoid
	Is the steering still heavy or requiring uneven effort? Yes REFER to: Section 211-03 Steering Linkage/Diagnosis and Testing/Steering Linkage/Pinpoint Tests/ Heavy Steering/Steering Requires Uneven Effort – Steering System Free Play Checks / Outer Ball Joint Checks / Inner Ball Joint Checks No When all remedial actions have been completed, perform final checks for heavy or uneven steering effort GO to Pinpoint Test Q.

PINPOINT TEST Q : HEAVY STEERING/STEERING REQUIRES UNEVEN EFFORT - FINAL CHECKS
Q1: AFTER COMPLETING THE ACTIONS ABOVE, CHECK AGAIN FOR HEAVY STEERING OR STEERING REQUIRING UNEVEN EFFORT USING THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES
TEST CONDITIONS	DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
	1 Start the engine and turn the steering wheel fully (lock to lock) 3 times. Check for heavy or uneven steering effort during this procedure
	2 Test drive the vehicle and check for heavy or uneven steering effort
	3 Check the temperature of the power steering fluid. Once the power steering temperature exceeds 80 degrees Celsius, repeat steps 1 and 2 above
	Is there still evidence of heavy or uneven steering effort? Yes Repeat the diagnostic steps above, or check other vehicle systems for the source of the problem No No further action

Component Tests

Reservoir Blockage

Remove reservoir cap and (using a mirror) visually inspect the power steering fluid reservoir filter for signs of blockage. It is normal that a small amount of debris could be on the filter.

The filter mesh should not be more than 30% blocked (as in left-hand picture below), if the mesh is more than 30% blocked (as in the right-hand picture below), the power steering system fluid reservoir should be replaced.

Steering Boot Damage

Remove both clips from each boot, stretch and fully rotate each boot and visually check for any holes, cuts or wear in the boots. Damaged boots should be replaced.

Steering Rack Input Shaft Leak Check

Visually inspect the area around the steering rack input shaft for signs of leaks.

NOTE:

Misting/Dampness around the input shaft seal can be mis-diagnosed as leaks (see top four pictures below). This is normal and suspected leaks should always be verified by cleaning and chalking.

If there is clear evidence of a fluid leak at the steering rack input shaft seal after following the cleaning and chalking techniques described in the pinpoint tests, the steering rack should be replaced.

Power Steering Fluid Condition Check

Run the engine for 2 minutes

Check the power steering fluid system level

Observe the color and the odor. The color under normal circumstances should be dark reddish, not brown or black

Using a suitable clean syringe extract a suitable amount of fluid from the reservoir

Allow the fluid to drip onto a facial tissue and examine the stain

If evidence of solid material is found, the power steering fluid system should be drained for further inspection

If fluid contamination or steering component failure is confirmed by the sediment in the power steering fluid system, refer to steering fault diagnosis by symptom charts in this section

Power Steering Pressure Test

For details of the correct equipment and procedures for power steering system pressure tests, REFER to: Section 211-02 Power Steering/General Procedures

Published: 19-Sep-2014

2007.0 Range Rover Sport (LS), 211-02

Power Steering (G553482)

Power Steering Fluid Leakage

Power Steering Pump Or Steering Rack Issues Causing Heavy Or Uneven Steering

Power Steering Pump/Steering Rack Noise

Belt Squeal

Chirp

Grunt (Squawk/Whoop)

Knock

Moan (Groan)

Rattle

Whine

Zip

Reservoir Blockage

Steering Boot Damage

Steering Rack Input Shaft Leak Check

Power Steering Fluid Condition Check

Power Steering Pressure Test